What does the term "camber" refer to in suspension geometry?

The term "camber" specifically refers to the angle of the wheels in relation to the vertical axis of the vehicle. This angle can be positive or negative and significantly impacts a vehicle’s handling, tire wear, and overall stability. A positive camber means the top of the wheel is tilted away from the vehicle, while negative camber means it is tilted towards the vehicle. Proper camber alignment is essential for optimal tire contact with the road during cornering and straight driving, affecting traction and performance.

In contrast, the angle of the tires in relation to the road surface primarily defines "caster," not camber. The distance between the wheel and the vehicle frame relates to wheel offset or track width, which is a different aspect of suspension geometry. The overall height adjustment of the suspension system pertains to ride height or suspension lift/lowering, which also does not define camber. Understanding these definitions is crucial for diagnosing alignment issues and making appropriate adjustments in suspension systems.